Joint Contractures

Joint contractures refer to the permanent shortening of muscles and tendons around a joint, resulting in limited movement and reduced flexibility. This condition occurs when there is a loss of normal joint mobility, leading to the inability to fully extend or flex the affected joint. This most commonly affect the fingers, although it can also occur in the knees, elbows and wrists.

Individuals with conditions like arthritis, stroke survivors, or those experiencing prolonged immobility are most likely to be affected by joint contractures in the hands, limiting their movement. The impact of this condition on affected individuals can be profound. Daily activities that require normal joint movement, such as walking, reaching, or grasping objects can become challenging or impossible. Over time, within the fingers can lead to significant immobility of the digit, affecting a person’s independence and overall quality of life.

Various factors contribute to the development of this condition. Prolonged immobilisation due to conditions like paralysis, injury, or long period of under use can result in muscle and tendon stiffness. Neurological disorders, such as stroke or cerebral palsy may limit movement or lead to overstimulation of the muscles, and contribute to joint contractures. Additionally, inflammatory conditions like arthritis can lead to the progressive tightening of tissues around the joint.

Prevention and management strategies for joint contractures involve maintaining joint mobility through regular exercise, stretching, and physical therapy. When joint contractures have already developed, treatment may include a combination of stretching exercises, splinting, and, in some cases, surgical intervention to release tight tissues. Early detection and intervention are crucial to preventing the irreversible consequences and preserving optimal joint function. Mr Waseem Bhat consults with patients to help them understand the causes of their condition, and the treatment approach that is best suited to their needs.